With a little help from your friend, knowing when to start your descend becomes easy:įor IFR approaches, load precision and non-precision approaches from a world-wide, updatable database: Using the nearest airport function you always know your nearest alternatives for landing (though we all know X-Avion does a much better job at that!) You will be warned when you are about to violate an airspace: While flying under VFR, stay alert to any Bravo, Charlie, Delta or special use airspace in the United states (open database, user-expandable): You can then navigate along your flight plan using one of different map views that provide situational awareness: Many online services for virtual flight planning are compatible with that: Loading or saving the route works using the X-Plane FMS format. You can create directs or flight plans using a worldwide database of airports, fixes and navaids: The new X-Plane unit can create and fly multi-leg flightplans in addition to the direct-to function: The 430W is a popular aftermarket GPS replacement in many older general aviation aircraft, because it is approved for WAAS approaches and thus an easy upgrade to allow flying instrument approaches at lots of smaller airports without ILS. In X-Plane 10.30 we are introducing a new generation of the X-Plane 430 GPS navigator, modeled more closely after the Garmin 430W that is very popular in general aviation aircraft. The built-in GNS430 instrument could only do direct-to navigation and not use X-Plane’s FMS plans, making long IFR flights inconvenient. X-Plane has been lacking a decent navigation solution for general aviation aircraft for a long time.
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A significant feature of IBM's read/write disk media was the use of a Teflon-lubricated fabric liner to lengthen media life. In 1973, IBM shipped its first read/write floppy disk drive, the 33FD, as a component of the 3740 Data Entry System, code named "IGAR", designed to directly replace IBM's punched card ("keypunch") data entry machines. The Memorex disk was "hard-sectored", that is, it contained 8 sector holes (plus one index hole) at the outer diameter (outside data track 00) to synchronize the beginning of each data sector and the beginning of a track. The 650 had a data capacity of 175 kB, with 50 tracks, 8 sectors per track, and 448 bytes per sector. Īlan Shugart left IBM and moved to Memorex where his team shipped the Memorex 650 in 1972, the first commercially available read-write floppy disk drive. Internally IBM used another device, code named Mackerel, to write boot disks for distribution to the field. and then as a standard part of most System 370 processing units and other IBM products. The new device, developed under the code name Minnow first shipped in 1971 as the 23FD, the program load component of the 2835 Storage Control Unit. IBM introduced the diskette commercially in 1971. The original disk was bare, but dirt became a serious problem so they enclosed it in a plastic envelope lined with fabric that would remove dust particles. Noble's team developed a read-only, 8-inch-diameter (200 mm) flexible diskette they called the "memory disk", holding 80 kilobytes of data. Noble, who tried to develop a new-style tape for the purpose, but without success. IBM Direct Access Storage Product Manager, Alan Shugart, assigned the job to David L. IBM also wanted inexpensive media that could be sent out to customers with software updates. The System/370 was IBM's first computer system family to make extensive usage of volatile read/write semiconductor memory for microcode, so for most models, whenever the power was turned on, the microcode had to be loaded (System/370's predecessor, System/360, generally used non-volatile read-only memory for microcode). In 1967, IBM tasked their San Jose, California storage development center to develop a reliable and inexpensive system for loading microcode into their System/370 mainframes in a process called Initial Control Program Load (ICPL). While floppy disk drives still have some limited uses, especially with legacy industrial computer equipment, they have been superseded by data storage methods with much greater capacity such as USB flash drives, portable external hard disk drives, optical discs, memory cards, and computer networks.ĭrawings from IBM Floppy Disk Drive Patents Sizes ranged from 8 inches in the first commercialized floppy disk to the 3½-inch floppy disks still available today.įloppy disks slowly lost popularity as better technology developed which was able to offer higher levels of storage capacity, smaller physical characteristics, and faster processing speeds. Throughout the period in which floppy disks were common, they went through numerous improvements, each time significantly improving their available storage capacity and reducing their physical size as computer data storage technology advanced. Floppy disks remained a popular portable digital-storage medium for nearly 40 years after being introduced commercially in 1971. The floppy disk was a revolution in the computer industry when it was developed by IBM in the late 1960s as a reliable and inexpensive method of loading microcode into their System/370 computer. 8-inch, 5¼-inch, and 3½-inch floppy disksĪ floppy disk is a disk storage medium composed of a disk of thin and flexible magnetic storage medium, readable by a floppy disk drive (FDD), and sealed in a rectangular plastic carrier lined with fabric which serves the purpose of keeping the data storage disk free of foreign particles such as dust. Related Post: DIY Bookshelf Ideas To Build DIY Standing Desk Ikea Hack This is a wonderful DIY project and could be super cheap if you find a good deal! Revamp them and give yourself a new impressive desk like this one. Hopefully, you can find some old barstools on the MARKETPLACE (porch pick up lol) or the thrift store and give them a new purpose instead of letting them sit idly. Let’s get creative and build a simple desk out of barstools. If you hate all those stacked papers and folders on your desk, this butcher block desk is the easiest way to sort them! It gives you lots of space to organize everything on your desk and the drawer units on both sides give you a ton of extra organization Simple DIY Desk Download the plans and get crafty with the kids! DIY Butcher Block Desk Home Office This one has plenty of storage below the desktop to keep the MESS contained to just one spot… hopefully lol. If you need a school desk for the kids to do their work on… then this one’s for you! Instead of turning your kitchen table into a desk, build your own. The white color and the stunning shapes on its side add a perfect touch to any office space DIY School Desk Nothing motivates me more than good desk asthetic! DIY Chippendale Deskĭo you want a stunning desk, but aren’t ready to spend lots of money? I have the perfect solution for you! This DIY Chippendale desk is the perfect way to liven up the workspace in your home. Plus, I love that huge calendar she has on the wall! Cheap DIY Wood Desktopĭon’t you just love it when your shelves match your desk? That’s why this DIY wood desktop is the most stunning idea! This project will cost you around $40 and all you need some wood, wood stain, glue, and screws. So, go ahead and grab your power tools for this one. If you’ve been working from home lately, you’re probably in need of an actual space to work from instead of the kitchen table, right!? If that’s the case this modern wood desk is exactly what you need. Here are the ones I found: DIY Modern Wood Desk Take it from us: At end of a long (work) day, these easy home office décor ideas are all you need to keep going.If you’re looking to make your home office more functional or add some storage, these creative DIY Desk ideas will give you some motivation to start building your own! With everything from a cheap standing desk to a rustic farmhouse vibe… I’m sure you’ll find the perfect plans for the one that fits your style! Check out the desks and let me know what you think… You can also check our DIY shelving ideas if you’re looking for one. Limited on space? DIY a guest bedroom into the perfect multipurpose home office, or get a desk for a small space. Decorating on a budget? Put your inspiration on display with a gallery wall or a series of family photos. Or add a bright pop of color to your walls for an instant boost of creativity. Not sure where to start? Turn an unused closet into a cozy home office nook. Whether you’re working a strict 9-to-5, balancing multiple jobs, or searching for your next gig, these settings are beautiful, functional, and sure to inspire your best performance yet. From organization hacks to space-saving techniques, aesthetically pleasing décor and more, the following list includes productivity-boosting ideas fit for every space, style, and budget. In fact, we turned to a few trusted bloggers and interior designers to prove it with DIY home office décor ideas you can create in no time. But what if it didn’t? What if a little DIY home office refresh is all you need to reclaim your best work (from home)? Hint: It is, and the process is easier than you might think. You feel uninspired and your productivity plummets. Before you know it, it’s noon and you’re still in your pajamas. Picture this: You decide to work from home. Comparison of the Best VPNs for Accessing Porn Sites.Surfshark - Great security features for surfing porn sites. NordVPN - Great for blocking malicious downloads on adult sites. □ CyberGhost VPN - Great email protection + fast speeds. □ Private Internet Access - Excellent for enjoying privacy on mobile devices. □ ExpressVPN - Best VPN for accessing porn sites securely in 2023. Quick summary of the best VPNs for accessing porn sites: 1 pick is ExpressVPN as it’s very fast, secure, and easy to use. I managed to find some very good VPNs for safely accessing porn sites - they all come with high-end security features, cool extra features, have very fast speeds for all of your online activities, and provide great overall value. Unfortunately, I found out that a lot of VPNs lack important security and privacy features, have very slow speeds for streaming and browsing, and have buggy apps. So, I tested the top VPNs to find the best for securely accessing porn sites. You might also worry that many porn sites log your IP address and share it with advertisers, which likely results in you seeing uncomfortable ads everywhere you go online.Ī VPN is the best way to protect your data and privacy - it replaces your actual IP address with a virtual IP address, changes your location, and also encrypts all of your online traffic, making all of the sites that you visit unreadable to any prying eyes. What’s more, your internet service provider (ISP) may throttle your speeds when you visit a porn site. For example, when you watch porn without being anonymous, hackers can spy on your activities - and I’ve heard of how some hackers actually use your history of visiting porn sites to threaten you with blackmail (they will share videos of you watching porn with all of your contacts). If you like to occasionally surf porn sites, you may run into a bunch of safety issues while watching the content. Get the best VPN for accessing porn sites securely in 2023 here.Offers affordable pricing and includes a 30-day money-back guarantee. □ ExpressVPN: Provides the fastest streaming speeds on the market, has state-of-the-art security features that protect you from hackers, and comes with very user-friendly apps for all platforms.Short on time? Here’s the best VPN for accessing porn sites: The best color laser printer is able to do a good job with photographs as. Some models are better at printing text than others some are better at printing pictures than others etcetera. Marketing documents, graphs and images print clearly with high quality laser printers. Color laser printers can take up quite a bit of space, so if you don't have much room or if your office is already cramped with equipment and furniture, then maybe this isn't the best option for your business.įinally, think about what kind of quality level you want from your print jobs-and whether or not this particular model will meet those expectations. Next, think about how much space you have in your office. They can achieve a much broader color profile, especially as they begin to use more color cartridges. If you need something that can handle more intense tasks like photo printing or graphics design, then we recommend getting a color laser printer. Inkjet printers are usually better suited to high-quality photo work, and that’s primarily due to their use of ink. Best Laser Printers Best Inkjet Printers Best Wide-Format Printers OVERVIEW Epson SureColor P900 17-Inch Photo Printer Best Pro-Grade Photo Printer Jump To Details 1,249.00. But you'll want an inkjet if printing photos is part of the plan. If you're just printing documents and other materials that don't require a lot of colors, then a monochrome laser printer might be enough for you. I have both ink-jet and laser printing options available to me, but am trying to decide which option is best for long term storage. If you don't need color printing, a monochrome laser printer, such as the Brother MFC-L2750DW, can be a solid bet. We're here to help you make the best choice for your business.įirst, consider what you'll be using the printer for. Choosing the right color laser printer can be a bit daunting, but it doesn't have to be. Then Nika Shahkarami and Sarina Esmailizadeh, both 16, were killed during protests. Many died within days of the best-known victim of the wave of femicides, Mahsa Amini, who was beaten by morality police for not wearing her hijab correctly and died in hospital on Sept 16 last year. The same forces are still at work today deploying torture, mutilation and murder to deny Iranian women fundamental rights. Today, in the blood, tears and wounds of thousands of young women in Iran seeking equality, we can see echoes of the injustice suffered by the 10 women of Shiraz 40 years ago. These words have been attributed to her just before she was executed: “You can kill me as soon as you like, but you cannot stop the emancipation of women.” In 1852, she was put to death by the Iranian authorities. She notably caused profound shock when she removed her veil publicly at a conference attended only by men in 1848. She was an early adherent of the Bábí movement, a precursor of the Bahá’í faith, and empowered by the teachings of her newly found faith, she rose up to announce a break with the past. The 19th-century poet and scholar Táhirih exemplified the power of women to transform society. Iranian women’s struggle for equality is older than many in the West may think. What was important was that they had created art to keep the women’s memory alive. And it was impressive to see the US actor Alex Rocco playing a mullah – a far cry from his role as casino owner Moe Greene in The Godfather, who is famously shot in the eye while on a massage table. The impact of the music with the images was overwhelming. She was just a young girl trying to build capacities within children. We got to know Mona as an exceptional young girl, definitely not a religious zealot. I attended a gathering at the Bahá’í centre in London with Jack Lenz and Doug Cameron, the song’s writer, producer and singer. It was two years later, when Mona’s story was captured in the pop song Mona with the Children, that I began to connect. My school friends were aware but didn’t fully grasp what I was going through owing to my lack of confidence in being able to explain to them an important nuance: that I was part of a persecuted minority that I was going through the double pain of association with a country full of violent fundamentalists that brought me deep social shame, but who were also murdering members of my own community. Iran was constantly on the TV news and my main concern was the social impact it had on me. Notable among these were the killings of the Bahá’í administrative body of the National Assembly members in 1980 and of the Tehran Assembly, unceremoniously shot in 1981, all of them known to us.īy June 1983, without the internet existing to give us any details to bring the story a little closer, the hanging of the 10 women of Shiraz seemed to become lost in the maelstrom. I was in a constant state of anxiety as a great many who were killed were friends and acquaintances of my parents. I was also 17, born 20 days after Mona, but it was part of a stream of stories coming out of Iran of mass killings and executions. She asked to go last so that the others would not see her hang. When I initially heard the news, living my normal London life in leafy Kensington, the impact was strangely minimal. The youngest, Mona, whose father had been executed three months before, was 17. Nosrat was 46, her son had been executed two days before. Ezzat’s husband had been executed two days earlier. The oldest was Ezzat, 57, who was hanged with her daughter, aged 23. One after the other, the women were forced to watch each other hang, supposedly to give a final opportunity to recant their faith and save their own lives. In the 44-year history of Iran’s “Islamic” Republic, one of the most heinous acts it has ever committed – from a preposterously large number to choose from – took place in the late hours of June 18 1983, when 10 Bahá’í women in Shiraz were hanged on the charge of refusing to renounce their religious beliefs. “He’s a comic book-loving, twinkie-eating grade school AMOEBA trying to find his place in the world (or at least trying to make it through a school day).” Breakfast on Mars and 37 Other Delectable Essays will inspire students to think differently about the much feared assignment in elementary and middle schools around the country: essay writing.” “My fifth grade students loved it so much they chose it for purchase for our class library. Edited by Rebecca Stern and Brad Wolf, this collection of 38 out-of -the-box essays by some top Middle Grade authors).įrom YCDC Education Editor, Kyle Redford: What neither can predict is that Ulysses (the squirrel) has been born anew, with powers of strength, flight, and misspelled poetry-and that Flora will be changed too, as she discovers the possibility of hope and the promise of a capacious heart.īreakfast on Mars is a surprise favorite in the same vein as Jon Scieszka’s Guys Read anthology series. The squirrel never saw the vacuum cleaner coming, but self-described cynic Flora Belle Buckman, who has read every issue of the comic book Terrible Things Can Happen to You!, is just the right person to step in and save him. Add in some dinosaurs, pirates, aliens, wumpires and you’ve got yourself a very compelling and engaging story.įlora & Ulysses: The Illuminated Adventures Neil Gaiman writes an imaginative and humorous story about what happens when mom goes out of town and dad steps out to pick up some milk for the cereal and tea. “The Crossover” was a major hit with all the kids in the class, especially among the boys who struggle with reading.” This poignent coming-of-age novel centers on the complex bonds of twin brothers in a sports-loving family, exploring their challenges on the basketball court, in school, and at home. Kwame’s book will appeal to readers who love sports, hip-hop, jazz and good story-telling. Written in verse, The Crossover is a Newbery Medal-winning book about an African-American family featuring a basket-ball playing male protagonist. I consider these books central in launching an egalitarian reading culture. These are titles that hooked all my students, regardless of ability. Reading List for Creating a Classroom Reading Culture Advocacy Back Toolkit for Parents, Educators and Students. Toolkit for Parents, Educators and Students.
Although cooperative abilities have clearly been shown under experimental 11, 12 and/or natural conditions (for an overview see 13) in both Pan species, some scholars have claimed that their communicative interactions lack the cooperative nature of human communication 1, 2. The resulting studies showed that both species have multifaceted gestural repertoires, which are used as flexible, intentionally produced communicative strategies in a variety of social contexts 8, 9, 10. This hypothesis stirred a considerable amount of research attention concerning general gestural abilities of our two closest living relatives, bonobos ( Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). One of the predominant theories of language evolution (but see for different theories 6) thus postulates that, phylogenetically, the first fundamental steps towards human communication were not vocalisations, nor a combination of vocal and gestural signals, but were gestures alone 7. The first step into this collective endeavour can already be observed in early infancy, well before the use of first words, when infants start to engage in turn-taking interactional practices embodying gestures to cooperatively share interest in an activity, event or object with other individuals 5. Although there is still an ongoing debate concerning which special principles form the core of this ability, most researchers would agree that it is a fundamentally cooperative enterprise 3, 4. Human communication is one of the most sophisticated signalling systems in the animal kingdom and has often been used to define what it means to be ‘human 2’. “Language didn’t make interactional intelligence possible, it is interactional intelligence that made language possible as a means of communication” 1 ,p.232 Our results thus strengthen the hypothesis that interactional intelligence paved the way to the cooperative endeavour of human language and suggest that social matrices highly impact upon communication styles. While bonobos consistently addressed the recipient via gaze before signal initiation and used so-called overlapping responses, chimpanzees engaged in more extended negotiations, involving frequent response waiting and gestural sequences. Results showed that communicative exchanges in both species resemble cooperative turn-taking sequences in human conversation. Focusing on the communicative function of joint-travel-initiation, we applied parameters of conversation analysis to gestural exchanges between mothers and infants. Here, we revisited this claim by conducting the first systematic comparison of communicative interactions in mother-infant dyads living in two different communities of bonobos ( LuiKotale, DRC Wamba, DRC) and chimpanzees ( Taï South, Côte d’Ivoire Kanyawara, Uganda) in the wild. Although our closest living relatives, bonobos and chimpanzees, show general cooperative abilities, their communicative interactions seem to lack the cooperative nature of human conversation. It has been suggested that it evolved as part of a larger adaptation of humans’ species-unique forms of cooperation. Human language is a fundamentally cooperative enterprise, embodying fast-paced and extended social interactions. The brand immediately gained recognition for its daring and rebellious clothing approach. 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